| XS |
IPA(Unicode) |
IPA(圖片) |
發音方法 |
例子 |
| a |
a |
 |
開前不圓唇元音 |
法語的 dame [dam]、西班牙語的adre ["paD4e] |
| b |
b |
 |
濁雙唇塞音 |
英語的 bed [bEd]、法語的 bon [bO~] |
| b_< |
ɓ |
 |
濁雙唇內破裂音 |
|
| c |
c |
 |
清顎塞音 |
匈牙利語的 latyak ["lAcAk] |
| d |
d |
 |
濁齒齦塞音 |
英語的 dig [dIg]、法語的 doigt [dwa] |
| d` |
ɖ |
 |
濁卷舌塞音 |
瑞典語的 hord [hu:d`] |
| d_< |
ɗ |
 |
濁齒齦吸氣音 |
|
| e |
e |
 |
半閉前不圓唇元音 |
法語的 ses [se] |
| f |
f |
 |
清唇齒擦音 |
英語的 five [faIv]、法語的 femme [fam] |
| g |
ɡ |
 |
濁軟腭塞音 |
英語的 game [geIm]、法語的 longue [lO~g] |
| g_< |
ɠ |
 |
濁軟腭吸氣音 |
|
| h |
h |
 |
清聲門擦音 |
英語的 house [haUs] |
| h\ |
ɦ |
 |
濁聲門擦音 |
|
| i |
i |
 |
閉前不圓唇元音 |
英語的 be [bi:]、法語的 oui [wi]、西班牙語的 si [si] |
| j |
j |
 |
硬腭通音(硬腭漸近音) |
英語的 yes [jEs]、法語的 yeux [j2] |
| j\ |
ʝ |
 |
濁硬腭擦音 |
希臘語的 γειά [j\a] |
| k |
k |
 |
清軟腭塞音 |
英語的 cat [k{t]、西班牙語的 carro ["kar:o] |
| l |
l |
 |
齒齦邊通音 |
英語的 lay [leI]、法語的 mal [mal] |
| l` |
ɭ |
 |
retroflex lateral approximant |
Svealand Swedish sorl [so:l`] |
| l\ |
ɺ |
 |
alveolar lateral flap |
Japanese phoneme /r/ |
| m |
m |
 |
bilabial nasal |
English mouse [maUs], French homme [Om] |
| n |
n |
 |
alveolar nasal |
English nap [n{p], French non [nO~] |
| n` |
ɳ |
 |
retroflex nasal |
Swedish hörn [h2:n`] |
| o |
o |
 |
close-mid back rounded vowel |
French gros [gRo] |
| p |
p |
 |
voiceless bilabial plosive |
English leap [li:p], French pose [poz], Spanish perro ["per:o] |
| p\ |
ɸ |
 |
voiceless bilabial fricative |
Japanese fuku [p\M_0kM] |
| q |
q |
 |
voiceless uvular plosive |
Arabic qasbah ["qQs_Gba] |
| r |
r |
 |
alveolar trill |
Spanish perro ["per:o] |
| r` |
ɽ |
 |
retroflex flap |
|
| r\ |
ɹ |
 |
alveolar approximant |
English red [r\Ed] |
| r\` |
ɻ |
 |
retroflex approximant |
|
| s |
s |
 |
voiceless alveolar fricative |
English seem [si:m], French session [se"sjO~] |
| s` |
ʂ |
 |
voiceless retroflex fricative |
Swedish mars [mas`] |
| s\ |
ɕ |
 |
voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative |
Polish świerszcz [s\v'ErStS] |
| t |
t |
 |
voiceless alveolar plosive |
English too [tu:], French raté [Ra"te], Spanish tuyo ["tujo] |
| t` |
ʈ |
 |
voiceless retroflex plosive |
Swedish mört [m2t`] |
| u |
u |
 |
close back rounded vowel |
English boom [bu:m], Spanish su [su] |
| v |
v |
 |
voiced labiodental fricative |
English vest [vEst], French voix [vwa] |
| v\ (or P) |
ʋ |
 |
labiodental approximant |
Dutch west [v\Est]/[PEst] |
| w |
w |
 |
labial-velar approximant |
English west [wEst], French oui [wi] |
| x |
x |
 |
voiceless velar fricative |
Scots loch [lQx] |
| x\ |
ɧ |
 |
voiceless palatal-velar fricative |
Swedish sjal [x\A:l] |
| y |
y |
 |
close front rounded vowel |
French tu [ty] German über ["y:b6] |
| z |
z |
 |
voiced alveolar fricative |
English zoo [zu:], French azote [a"zOt] |
| z` |
ʐ |
 |
voiced retroflex fricative |
|
| z\ |
ʑ |
 |
voiced alveolo-palatal fricative |
Polish źrebak ["z\rEbak] |
| XS |
IPA |
IPA |
Description |
Example |
| A |
ɑ |
 |
open back unrounded vowel |
English father ["fA:D@(r\)] (RP and Gen.Am.) |
| B |
β |
 |
voiced bilabial fricative |
Spanish lavar [la"Ba4] |
| B\ |
ʙ |
 |
bilabial trill |
Reminiscent of shivering ("brrr") |
| C |
ç |
 |
voiceless palatal fricative |
German ich [IC], English human ["Cum@n] (broad transcription uses [hj-]) |
| D |
ð |
 |
voiced dental fricative |
English then [DEn] |
| E |
ɛ |
 |
open-mid front unrounded vowel |
French même [mEm], English met [mEt] |
| F |
ɱ |
 |
labiodental nasal |
English emphasis ["EFf@sIs] (spoken quickly, otherwise uses [Emf-]) |
| G |
ɣ |
 |
voiced velar fricative |
Greek γωνία [Go"nia], Danish vælge ["vElG@] |
| G\ |
ɢ |
 |
voiced uvular plosive |
|
| G\_< |
ʛ |
 |
voiced uvular implosive |
|
| H |
ɥ |
 |
labial-palatal approximant |
French huit [Hi] |
| H\ |
ʜ |
 |
voiceless epiglottal fricative |
|
| I |
ɪ |
 |
near-close near-front unrounded vowel |
English kit [kIt] |
| I\ |
Ɨ |
 |
central lax close unrounded vowel, not in IPA |
|
| J |
ɲ |
 |
palatal nasal |
Spanish año ["aJo], English canyon ["k{J@n] (broad transcription uses [-nj-]) |
| J\ |
ɟ |
 |
voiced palatal plosive |
Hungarian egy [EJ\] |
| J\_< |
ʄ |
 |
voiced palatal implosive |
|
| K |
ɬ |
 |
voiceless alveolar lateral fricative |
Welsh llaw [KaU_^] |
| K\ |
ɮ |
 |
voiced alveolar lateral fricative |
|
| L |
ʎ |
 |
palatal lateral approximant |
Italian famiglia [fa"miLa], Castilian llamar [La"mar], English million ["mIL@n] (broad transcription uses [-lj-]) |
| L\ |
ʟ |
 |
velar lateral approximant |
English phoneme /5/ |
| M |
ɯ |
 |
close back unrounded vowel |
Korean 으 (eu) |
| M\ |
ɰ |
 |
velar approximant |
Spanish fuego ["fweM\o] |
| N |
ŋ |
 |
velar nasal |
English thing [TIN] |
| N\ |
ɴ |
 |
uvular nasal |
Japanese san [saN\] |
| O |
ɔ |
 |
open-mid back rounded vowel |
British English thought [TO:t], American English off [O:f] |
| O\ |
ʘ |
 |
bilabial click |
|
| P (or v\) |
ʋ |
 |
labiodental approximant |
Dutch west [PEst]/[v\Est], allophone of English phoneme /r\/ |
| Q |
ɒ |
 |
open back rounded vowel |
British English lot [lQt] |
| R |
ʁ |
 |
voiced uvular fricative |
French roi [Rwa] |
| R\ |
ʀ |
 |
uvular trill |
German phoneme /r/ |
| S |
ʃ |
 |
voiceless postalveolar fricative |
English ship [SIp] |
| T |
θ |
 |
voiceless dental fricative |
English thin [TIn] |
| U |
ʊ |
 |
near-close near-back rounded vowel |
English foot [fUt] |
| U\ |
ʊ̵ |
 |
central lax close rounded vowel, not in IPA |
|
| V |
ʌ |
 |
open-mid back unrounded vowel |
English strut [str\Vt] |
| W |
ʍ |
 |
voiceless labial-velar fricative |
Scots when [WEn] |
| X |
χ |
 |
voiceless uvular fricative |
Welsh bach [baX] |
| X\ |
ħ |
 |
voiceless pharyngeal fricative |
Arabic ha’ [X\?] |
| Y |
ʏ |
 |
near-close near-front rounded vowel |
German hübsch [hYpS] |
| Z |
ʒ |
 |
voiced postalveolar fricative |
English vision ["vIZ@n] |
| XS |
IPA |
IPA |
Description |
Example |
| . |
. |
 |
syllable break |
|
| " |
ˈ |
 |
primary stress |
|
| % |
ˌ |
 |
secondary stress |
|
| ' (or _j) |
ʲ |
 |
palatalized |
|
| : |
ː |
 |
long |
|
| :\ |
ˑ |
 |
half long |
Estonian differentiates three vowel lengths |
| - |
|
|
separator |
|
| @ |
ə |
 |
schwa |
English arena [@"r`i:n@] |
| @\ |
ɘ |
 |
close-mid central unrounded vowel |
|
| { |
æ |
 |
near-open front unrounded vowel |
English trap [tr\{p] |
| } |
ʉ |
 |
close central rounded vowel |
Swedish sju [x\}:] |
| 1 |
ɨ |
 |
close central unrounded vowel |
Welsh tu [t1], American English rose's ["r\oUz1z] |
| 2 |
ø |
 |
close-mid front rounded vowel |
Danish købe ["k2:b@], French deux [d2] |
| 3 |
ɜ |
 |
open-mid central unrounded vowel |
English nurse [n3:s] (RP) or [n3`s] (Gen.Am.) |
| 3\ |
ɞ |
 |
open-mid central rounded vowel |
|
| 4 |
ɾ |
 |
alveolar flap |
Spanish pero ["pe4o], American English better ["bE4@`] |
| 5 |
ɫ |
 |
velarized alveolar lateral approximant; also see _e |
English milk [mI5k] |
| 6 |
ɐ |
 |
near-open central vowel |
German besser ["bEs6], Australian English mud [m6d] |
| 7 |
ɤ |
 |
close-mid back unrounded vowel |
Estonian kõik [k7ik], Occurs in Vietnamese |
| 8 |
ɵ |
 |
close-mid central rounded vowel |
Swedish buss [b8s] |
| 9 |
œ |
 |
open-mid front rounded vowel |
French neuf [n9f], Danish drømme [dR9m@] |
| & |
ɶ |
 |
open front rounded vowel |
|
| ? |
ʔ |
 |
glottal stop |
Danish stød [sd2?], Cockney English bottle ["bQ?l] |
| ?\ |
ʕ |
 |
voiced pharyngeal fricative |
Arabic ‘ayn |
| * |
|
|
undefined escape character, SAMPA's "conjunctor", used by some conlangers instead of \ |
|
| / |
|
|
indeterminacy in French vowels |
|
| < |
|
|
begin nonsegmental notation (e.g., SAMPROSA) |
|
| <\ |
ʢ |
 |
voiced epiglottal fricative |
|
| > |
|
|
end nonsegmental notation |
|
| >\ |
ʡ |
 |
epiglottal plosive |
|
| ^ |
↑ |
 |
upstep |
|
| ! |
↓ |
 |
downstep |
|
| !\ |
ǃ |
 |
postalveolar click |
|
| | |
|
 |
minor (foot) group |
|
| |\ |
ǀ |
 |
dental click |
|
| || |
|
 |
major (intonation) group |
|
| |\|\ |
ǁ |
 |
lateral alveolar click |
|
| =\ |
ǂ |
 |
palatal click |
|
| -\ |
̮ |
 |
linking mark |
|